The Chain of Survival is the sequence of events that connects a victim of abrupt cardiac arrest with survival. The first link in this chain emphasizes the significance of identifying those who are at risk for cardiac arrest and calling for assistance in the hopes that prompt care will avert arrest. The major links show the combination of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and defibrillation as the essential elements of early resuscitation to recover life.
Immediate
CPR can increase survival from VF by two to three times. Giving merely chest
compressions during CPR is preferable to not doing it at all. Cardiopulmonary
resuscitation and defibrillation administered within 3 to 5 minutes of collapse
after VF can result in survival rates of 49 to 75 percent. 10–12% fewer people
will survive to be discharged for every minute they wait before receiving
defibrillation.
Effective
post-resuscitation care, the last in the Chain of Survival, aims to preserve
function, especially of the heart and brain. It is now widely recognized in
hospitals that it is crucial to identify critically ill patients as soon as
possible, activate a medical emergency or fast response team, and administer
treatment intended to avert cardiac arrest. The fourth ring of the Chain of
Survival, which represents the post-cardiac arrest period of care, has come to
be recognized as being increasingly significant during the past several years.
Some of the inter-hospital variation in outcomes following cardiac arrest may
be explained by differences in post-cardiac arrest care.
Basic CPR
According
to medical and legal definitions, a person is considered dead when heart activity
stops. It is crucial to maintain this premise so that the idea of
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and its significance can now be
comprehended in all of its intensity.
Cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) is defined as the sudden and unexpected halt of breathing and circulation, with the distinctive property of being possibly reversible. If not reversed, this "clinical death" disrupts the oxygen flow to key organs, triggering biological death within minutes.
Cardiac
arrest may occur for several reasons, including:
- Acute
myocardial infarction. The heart muscle suffered an infarction, or
complete or nearly complete blood supply deprivation. The result is
necrosis, which causes the damaged tissue to die and renders that part of
the heart inoperable. The degree of heart muscle damage will decide if
cardiac failure or entry into science occurs and whether the heart
maintains normal electrical activity.
- Unexpected
demise. The abrupt heart attack that results in 90 percent of cases of
sudden death frequently has no warning signals beforehand. For the most
part, abrupt deaths are caused by congenital arrhythmias.
- Horrific
injury. A PCR can be set off by serious head trauma, serious chest, and
abdominal trauma, or serious bleeding. Heart failure from abdominal trauma
can be caused by rupture of big blood vessels, such as the abdominal
aorta, or internal bleeding from wounds to vital organs, primarily the
spleen and liver. A shortage of blood volume in the circulatory system
will cause cardiac arrest in cases of significant, uncontrolled external
bleeding or internal bleeding. Consequently, the heart-stopping condition
is known as hypovolemia.
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